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The ocean is increasingly under threat from destructive and illegal practices, both within and beyond Europe. The EU has the necessary tools to protect the ocean from these threats, but they are not fully implemented or enforced.

The European Ocean Pact must outline actions to ensure the effective implementation of EU laws aimed at combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and protecting marine biodiversity, while preventing emerging threats such as deep-sea mining.

This briefing finds that a fleet of Chinese tuna fishing vessels operating in the Indian Ocean reportedly used North Koreans as crew between 2019 and 2024, likely violating UN sanctions. Many were apparently subjected to abuses, including being trapped at sea for up to a decade, on vessels involved in illegal fishing and the killing of dolphins.

Proposed amendments to Thailand's Fisheries Act risk undoing progress in combatting illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, protecting marine ecosystems, and upholding labour rights. This open letter from 57 civil society organisations, including EJF, urges the Senate to reconsider them.

Thailand has achieved notable advancements in reforming its fisheries sector, transforming an industry previously associated with human rights violations and illegal, unsustainable practices into a regional leader. Nevertheless, gaps in the implementation and enforcement of critical labour rights legislation, along with proposals to reverse earlier legal progress, pose significant risks to Thailand's standing as a leading global seafood supplier.

Overfishing threatens the sustainability of Liberia's fisheries and the livelihoods of thousands of fishers and fish workers. This study explores opportunities for alternative and supplementary livelihood interventions in Liberia’s coastal communities.

Driftnets are an indiscriminate fishing method consisting of nets which can measure tens of kilometres, suspended vertically in the water column. This investigation examined the widespread illegal use of driftnets by Moroccan vessels in the Alboran Sea, a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.

Cameroonian fisheries face multiple threats, including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, which remains a tragic reality and negatively impacts marine and coastal ecosystems and the people who depend on them.

This toolkit has been produced by the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) with funding from the European Union (EU). It empowers small-scale fishing communities in the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, and more broadly to achieve secure sustainable, legal and ethical fisheries.

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